How to Write a Discursive Essay - A Step-by-Step Guide

A discursive essay, often called a "for and against" essay, is a popular form of writing that allows you to examine a topic from multiple perspectives. In this type of essay, you present arguments both in favour of and against a particular thesis, aiding in a balanced evaluation of the issue. The ability to write such an essay is especially important in exams, where critical thinking and an objective approach to a topic are assessed.

What is a discursive essay and why is it worth learning?

A discursive essay is a text that analyses a topic from two sides: positive (for) and negative (against). The writer does not take a clear side but presents both perspectives and then makes their own evaluation in the conclusion. To understand how to write a discursive essay well, it’s important to present arguments evenly on both sides and maintain a logical structure in your writing.

This type of essay not only teaches you to analyse a topic but also helps develop the skill of weighing arguments, which can be useful in many life and work situations. Especially in exams, a discursive essay is a challenge that demonstrates how well you can handle topics requiring complex evaluation.

Basic principles of writing a discursive essay

To understand how to write a discursive essay, it’s helpful to start by learning its basic structure. Every discursive essay consists of three main parts: an introduction, a development (where the "for" and "against" arguments are presented), and a conclusion. It is crucial to maintain a balance between both sides of the debate and logically lead your arguments.

How to write a good introduction to a discursive essay?

The introduction is a key part that introduces the reader to the essay topic. It should include:

• A brief introduction to the topic, explaining why it is important.
• A clearly stated thesis or question that will define the subject of the entire essay.

For example, if the essay topic is: "Do social media have a positive impact on teenagers?", the introduction should contain a brief explanation of the growing role of social media, followed by the question that the essay will analyse from both sides.

Example of an introduction:

"Nowadays, social media have become an integral part of teenagers' lives, affecting their communication, well-being, and relationships. However, do their presence bring more benefits, or could it harm young people? In this essay, we will examine both the positive and negative aspects of social media in teenagers' lives."

How to develop arguments in a discursive essay?

The development is where the "for" and "against" arguments are presented. It is important to:

• Allocate separate paragraphs for "for" and "against" arguments.
• Support each argument with appropriate examples and justification.
• Start with one set of arguments (e.g., first "for", then "against" or vice versa).

Example of developing arguments:

1. Arguments "for": Social media make it easier for teenagers to connect, develop communication skills, and foster a sense of belonging to a group. Thanks to them, young people can share information, gain knowledge, and develop interests.
2. Arguments "against": On the other hand, social media can lead to addiction, cause a sense of isolation, and negatively affect teenagers' mental health. Studies show that excessive use of these platforms is associated with lowered self-esteem and increased social anxiety.

How to write a strong conclusion for a discursive essay?

The conclusion is the part where you should summarise the entire argumentation and present your own stance. In a "for and against" essay, you should:

• Briefly remind the main arguments "for" and "against".
• Express your own opinion or provide a general conclusion on the discussed issue.

Example of a conclusion:

"In summary, social media have both positive and negative effects on teenagers. While they facilitate communication and the development of interests, excessive use can lead to mental health issues. Ultimately, the key is moderation and responsible use of these tools to benefit from them without risking health."