Essays

## Freud’s explanation of child phobias: the Little Hans case as evidence of unconscious conflict Sigmund Freud is perhaps one of the most influential—and controversial—figures in the history of psychology. His theoretical innovations,...

## Religious Views Towards Transplant Surgery Transplant surgery involves the transferring of organs or tissues from one individual to another, either when living (as in kidney donation) or after death (such as heart or corneal transplants). It...

## Issues & Debates in Psychology: Nature, Nurture, Free Will, and Determinism Understanding what shapes human behaviour has long been a central preoccupation within psychology and, by extension, has significant consequences for education, clinical...

Defining Abnormality in Psychology: Models and Critical Perspectives

## ABNORMALITY The concept of abnormality is central to psychology and psychiatry yet proves persistently challenging to define with precision. Fundamentally, abnormality refers to patterns of behaviour, thinking or emotion deemed unusual,...

## Challenges to Religious Experience: Further Debates Religious experience, a concept woven through British philosophy, theology and literature, is not limited to grand moments of mystic rapture but encompasses a diversity of events: from fleeting...

## The Skeleton, Movement, and Blood: An Integrated View of Human Biology The human body depends on a fascinating interconnection of systems to provide structure, protection, movement and internal transport. Of all the biological frameworks...

## Faith and Reason: Exploring the Possibility of Rational Religious Belief The relationship between faith and reason has long been a source of intellectual fascination and philosophical controversy. Can one reasonably claim that belief in God is...

# Exchange: Principles and Adaptations of Biological Exchange Systems ## Introduction: The Necessity of Exchange in Living Organisms Biological exchange, in its simplest sense, refers to the transfer of gases, nutrients, water, ions and metabolic...

## Memory Researchers: Uncovering the Processes and Pitfalls of Human Remembering Memory—our capacity to encode, store and retrieve information—is not simply a passive recording device but a complex, dynamic system underpinning learning, identity,...

Sociological Research Methods: Linking Aims, Ethics and Practice

## Key Question 2: Research Methods in Sociology At the heart of sociological inquiry lies the question of how we come to know about society, and it is research methods that provide the bridge between abstract sociological theories and the concrete...